丛枝菌根对油桐幼苗生长和氮磷吸收的影响

通过非灭菌土盆栽接种试验,观察了Glomus mosseae(GM)、G.intraradices(GI)、G.aggregatum(GA)和G.atunicatum(GE)4种AM真菌对油桐幼苗生长和氮磷吸收的影响,结果表明接种GM、GI和GE后菌根侵染率显著提高,侵染率分别为77.4%、92.3%和96.7%,比对照分别提高20.4%、43.5%、50.4%。接种GA与对照无显著差异;接种GM和GI后植株的干质量增加,而接种GA和GE对全株及各器官干质量影响不明显;接种4种真菌对油桐幼苗的氮素营养影响不大;接种GM、GI和GE显著提高了根部磷含量。综合考虑,接种GM效果最好。     

Effect of different inspired fractions of oxygen on F-shunt and arterial partial pressure of oxygen in isoflurane-anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) on intrapulmonary shunt fraction as measured by F-shunt in ponies during isoflurane anaesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized clinical study.AnimalsA group of 23 adult Shetland ponies undergoing a total of 32 anaesthetic procedures.MethodsPonies were premedicated intravenously (IV) with detomidine (0.01 mg kg^–1) and either morphine (0.1 mg kg^–1) or butorphanol (0.02 mg kg^–1). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (0.07 mg kg^–1) administered IV. Ponies were randomly allocated to maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen (group TH; FiO₂ = 0.95) or a mixture of oxygen and medical air (group TL; FiO₂ = 0.65); all ponies were given a constant rate of infusion of detomidine. Animals were mechanically ventilated to maintain PaCO₂ between 40 and 50 mmHg. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes. The F-shunt equation was calculated for each time point T0, T30, T60 and T90. Data were analysed using linear mixed model analysis and presented as mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05).ResultsPaO₂ was greater in group TH than in group TL (TH: 406 ± 90, 438 ± 83, 441 ± 69 and 464 ± 53 mmHg versus TL: 202 ± 90, 186 ± 84, 172 ± 85 and 191 ± 98 mmHg at T0, T30, T60 and T90, respectively; p < 0.0001). In TH, F-shunt was < TL. Significant differences were found at T60 (TH: 13.2% ± 4.3 versus TL: 19.4% ± 8.3; p = 0.016) and T90 (TH: 11.7% ± 3.5 versus TL: 18.6% ± 9.5; p = 0.036).Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur findings do not support a beneficial effect of using a reduced FiO₂ to improve oxygenation in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies.     

利用棉绳采集口腔液监测猪伪狂犬病方法的应用分析

为分析使用棉绳采集口腔液监测猪场伪狂犬病（PR）方法的科学性,本研究拟通过实验室水平、动物试验及临床应用3个方面对使用棉绳采集口腔液监测猪场PR这一方法开展应用分析。首先对采样条件进行优化,并通过模拟试验测定棉绳对伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的释放能力,通过动物试验测定病毒感染后检出时间,最后对临床样品进行检测分析。结果表明：使用直径为1.0 cm的棉绳,在早上喂料前采集口腔液样品,采样时间为20~30 min,可采集到更能满足试验要求的口腔液。病毒释放能力测定显示,棉绳对PRV的释放能力为50%左右,使用棉绳采集口腔液可检测到1个TCID₅₀/0.1 mL的病毒含量。动物试验检测发现,猪群在感染后28 d中除第5天外,口腔液中病原含量均高于鼻拭子中病原含量,口腔液检测效果优于鼻拭子,且口腔液中病毒的检出时间（感染后第1天）早于血液中抗体转阳时间（感染后第7天）。临床样品检测分析结果表明,PRV疫苗免疫后也可通过口腔液检测到疫苗毒,并且存在无法通过口腔液检测感染PRV野毒后稳定猪中带毒的情况,因此口腔液检测方法应结合gE抗体检测,才可综合判断猪群是否为感染群体。综上,本研究优化了口腔液采集方法,并测定了棉绳对口腔液的释放能力和感染后检出时间,表明口腔液可作为较好的监测猪群PR的手段;口腔液监测方法需结合gE抗体检测来综合判断猪群是否为感染群体。     

农业院校非英语专业学生口语僵化的激活实验研究

非英语专业大学生英语口语中的语言僵化是一个普遍现象。本文通过教学实践和调查具体分析了大学生口语僵化的原因，从而制定出了口语激活策略，从教学理念、教学方法和考试模式三个方面进行改革。通过一年的教学实践，学生在口语表达时的流利程度、语法词汇的正确使用和交际能力方面都有了显著的提高，而且综合英语能力也有很大提高。实验结果证明，非英语专业大学生的口语僵化是可以被激活的。     

Significance of salt transport patterns in rice varieties differing in salt tolerance

Abstract

The absorption mechanisms for Na, K, SO₄ and Cl were tested in a salt tolerant (PVR 1) and a salt sensitive (GEB 24) rice varieties. The salt tolerant variety accumulated significantly larger amounts of Na than the salt sensitive variety. Further, PVR 1 absorbed SO₄ from Na₂SO₄ in preference to that from K₂SO₄. The absorption patterns for K and Cl were similar in both the varieties. It is concluded that the capacity of plant species to accumulate greater amounts of Na is a reflection of their halophytic feature.     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.     

Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios

Feline chronic gingivitis/stomatitis (FCGS) is a painful inflammatory disease in cats. Extraction of teeth, including all premolars and molars, has been shown to be the therapy of choice in cats not responding sufficiently to home care (e.g. tooth brushing) and/or medical treatment (corticosteroids and/or antibiotics). In this study, we hypothesize that a cat food with an omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω6 PUFA) to ω3 PUFA ratio of 10:1 reduces inflammation of the FCGS and accelerates soft tissue wound healing of the gingiva after dental extractions, compared to a cat food with a ω6:ω3 PUFA ratio of 40:1. The cats were fed diets with chicken fat and fish oil as sources of fatty acids. In one diet, part of the fish oil was replaced by safflower oil, resulting in two diets with ω6:ω3 PUFA ratios of 10:1 and 40:1. This double‐blinded study in two groups of seven cats revealed that dietary fatty acids influence the composition of plasma cholesteryl esters and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. The diet with the 10:1 ratio lowered PGD₂, PGE₂ and LTB₄ plasma levels significantly, compared to the diet with the 40:1 ratio (p = 0.05, p = 0.04, and p = 0.02 respectively). However, feeding diets with dietary ω6:ω3 PUFA ratios of 10:1 and 40:1, given to cats with FCGS for 4 weeks after extraction of all premolars and molars, did not alter the degree of inflammation or wound healing.     

Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

OK-50特效吸油材料的性能研究

通过试验，将公司自主研发的特效吸油材料OK-50应用于不同的油品吸附中，研究其适用油品种类、吸油量和保油率，得出该材料吸油倍率高，保油率也较高，使用范围较为广泛，应用前景广阔。